The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency approved three Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act loans totaling $240 million to support drinking water and wastewater projects in northwest Oregon, the City of Medford, Oregon, and King County, Washington. The agency says the loans are intended to speed up infrastructure upgrades while repayments return money to the U.S. Treasury.

WIFIA is designed to offer long term, low cost federal credit assistance for large, regionally significant water projects. Supporters argue that the financing helps communities tackle expensive upgrades without relying entirely on immediate rate increases or local borrowing.

Where the money is going?

King County, Washington: A $65 million loan to modernize wastewater infrastructure, including replacing and building new components and adding about 50 years of useful life to part of a wastewater pipeline. This is described as King County’s fifth WIFIA loan, supporting more than $1 billion in wastewater investments over time.

Medford, Oregon: A $147 million loan aimed at improving infrastructure and protecting water quality in the Rogue River watershed. The announcement says the project will benefit about 166,000 people and support more than 900 local jobs during construction.

Northwest Oregon (Rockwood Water People’s Utility District): A $28 million loan supporting the Cascade Groundwater Development Project, intended to improve drinking water reliability for about 66,000 people. It is Rockwood’s second WIFIA loan for this effort.

The approvals come as the program continues to solicit new projects. In November, the agency announced a new round of financing with $6.5 billion available through WIFIA and $550 million available through State WIFIA. Letters of interest are being accepted.

Even supporters of water upgrades often point out that loans are not grants. Critics may argue that while low interest federal financing can help projects move forward, repayment still has to come from somewhere, and that often means long term pressure on utility rates. Others may question how projects are prioritized, whether smaller or lower income communities can compete effectively for financing, and whether job creation claims reflect permanent workforce gains or mainly short term construction employment.

There is also a practical oversight question: financing helps pay for projects, but it does not guarantee smooth delivery. Critics will watch timelines, cost overruns, and whether promised outcomes, like reliability gains or water quality protections, are measured and reported in a way the public can easily verify.