Global Map of Surface Permeability Informs Ground Water Supply
University of British
Columbia researchers have produced the first map of the world that
outlines the ease of fluid flow through the planet's porous surface rocks and
sediments.
The maps and data, recently published in Geophysical Research Letters, could help improve water-resource management and climate modeling, and eventually lead to new insights into a range of geological processes.
"This is the first global-scale picture of near-surface permeability, and is based on rock-type data at greater depths than previous mapping," says Tom Gleeson, a postdoctoral researcher with the Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences.
Using recent world-wide lithology (rock type) results from researchers at the University of Hamburg and Utrecht University in the Netherlands, Gleeson was able to map permeability across the globe to depths of approximately 100 meters (around 328 feet). Typical permeability maps have only dealt with the top one to two meters (about 2 to 3 feet) of soil, and only across smaller areas.
"Climate models generally do not include ground water or the sediments and rocks below shallow soils," says Gleeson. "Using our permeability data and maps, we can now evaluate sustainable ground water resources, as well as the impact of ground water on past, current and future climate at the global scale."
A better understanding of large scale permeability of rock and sediment is critical for water resource management – ground water represents approximately 99 percent of the fresh, unfrozen water on earth. Ground water also feeds surface water bodies and moistens the root zone of terrestrial plants.
"This is really an example of mapping research from a new, modern era of cartography," says Gleeson. "We've mapped the world, peering well below the surface, without ever leaving our offices."
The study's maps include a global map at a resolution of 13,000 kilometers squared (more than 5,000 square miles), and a much more detailed North American map at a resolution of 75 kilometers squared (nearly 29 square miles).
The research also improves on previous permeability databases by compiling regional-scale hydrogeological models from a variety of settings instead of relying on permeability data from small areas.
The maps and data, recently published in Geophysical Research Letters, could help improve water-resource management and climate modeling, and eventually lead to new insights into a range of geological processes.
"This is the first global-scale picture of near-surface permeability, and is based on rock-type data at greater depths than previous mapping," says Tom Gleeson, a postdoctoral researcher with the Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences.
Using recent world-wide lithology (rock type) results from researchers at the University of Hamburg and Utrecht University in the Netherlands, Gleeson was able to map permeability across the globe to depths of approximately 100 meters (around 328 feet). Typical permeability maps have only dealt with the top one to two meters (about 2 to 3 feet) of soil, and only across smaller areas.
"Climate models generally do not include ground water or the sediments and rocks below shallow soils," says Gleeson. "Using our permeability data and maps, we can now evaluate sustainable ground water resources, as well as the impact of ground water on past, current and future climate at the global scale."
A better understanding of large scale permeability of rock and sediment is critical for water resource management – ground water represents approximately 99 percent of the fresh, unfrozen water on earth. Ground water also feeds surface water bodies and moistens the root zone of terrestrial plants.
"This is really an example of mapping research from a new, modern era of cartography," says Gleeson. "We've mapped the world, peering well below the surface, without ever leaving our offices."
The study's maps include a global map at a resolution of 13,000 kilometers squared (more than 5,000 square miles), and a much more detailed North American map at a resolution of 75 kilometers squared (nearly 29 square miles).
The research also improves on previous permeability databases by compiling regional-scale hydrogeological models from a variety of settings instead of relying on permeability data from small areas.
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