Oil and gas exploration use several drilling methods and platforms based on the formations, geographic location, soil type and other factors. Here are five of the most common drilling methods used in extracting oil and gas:
Percussion drilling, a commonly used manual drilling technique, employs a hammering bit attached to a long cable lowered into a wide-open hole. The technique is also known as cable drilling, wherein the driller uses a tripod to support the tools. Going back and forth with the bit loosens the soil in the borehole, which is then extracted with a bailer. At intervals, the operator removes the bit while the cuttings are suspended in water, which is then pumped to the surface and removed. A steel casing helps prevent the hole from collapsing down temporarily and also to safeguard groundwater against contamination. Drillers remove the temporary setting after a permanent screen and casing are installed.